4.4 Questions
Draw a diagram of a common ICP quadrupole MS system. Why are most mass filters maintained at a low pressure?
List the common ways samples are introduced into a MS system. What is the purpose of the cones in the sample interface?
Draw and explain an Einzel lens. Explain how a Bessel Box removes neutral particles and photons from the ion beam in an ICP-MS system.
Explain how an Omega lens removes neutral particles and photons from the ion beam in an ICP-MS system.
Explain polyatomic interferences and how they can be removed. Explain how interference equations are used to eliminate the affects of mass interferences in ICP-MS.
What is the purpose of the cool plasma technique?
Explain how a collision cell works. What elements works best with this technique?
Explain how a reaction cell works. How does a high resolution mass filter work to remove virtually all interferences?
Give an example of a charge transfer reaction in a chemical reaction cell. Give an example of a atom addition reaction in a chemical reaction cell.
Explain resolution with respect to mass filters.
Draw and explain how a magnetic sector mass filter works.
Draw and explain (in detail) how a quadrupole mass filter works. The governing equation of the quadrupole mass filter consists of a six parameter differential equation. Which two parameter are used to control the mass filter?
What is the purpose of the DC voltage in the quadrupole MS?
What is the purpose of the AC cycle in the quadrupole MS?
How does the low mass and high mass filters work to create a stable cation region in the quadrupole MS?
Explain the mass scan line in the quadrupole MS figures.
What is the purpose of sweeping the DC-AC voltages?
Extend the concepts of a linear quadrupole mass filter, explained above, to explain how the quadrupole ion trap mass filter works.
How is the mass range of a quadrupole ion trap mass filter extended?
Explain the concept of resonance ejection in ion trap mass filters.
Draw and explain how a time-of-flight mass filter works.
Draw and explain how a double focusing mass filter works. What are its advantages?
What is tandem mass spectrometry?
What types of detectors are used in mass spectrometry?
Explain how a dual gate EM works. Use the date in Table 4.2 to contrast the various types of mass filters. Which is the most economical? Which has the best mass resolution?
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