History 182: Expansion and Enlightenment

Prof. Cotts (cottsjd@whitman.edu)

Office: Maxey 211 (ph. 526-4789)

Office Hours:  MW 2:45-4:00 Th 3:00-4:30

 

 

 

 

 

This course introduces the history of western Europe from approximately 1400 to 1800.  The title of the course includes just two of the many movements under discussion, and raises some questions about what is and ought to be important in the period.  Who was “enlightened” and by what?  What was it that expanded and what were the consequences of this development?  How does the analysis of different types of sources affect our understanding of historical change?  Underlying our consideration of such meta-historical issues will be careful discussion of source materials: literature, contemporary chronicles, political theory, and data on material life.  We will explore the traditional narrative of cultural ferment and religious change along with the rise of modern-style state institutions, the expansion of European civilization to the Americas, and changes in the social order, ending with French Revolution and its impact on Europe as a whole.  Different methodologies will compete for precedence in our syllabus—part of your job is to identify them.

 

Books for Purchase

 

Lynn Hunt, et. al., The Making of the West: Volume B, 1320-1830

Machiavelli, The Prince (Penguin)

More, Utopia (Norton)

Las Casas, Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Penguin)

Carlo Ginzburg, Night Battles (Johns Hopkins)

Jonathan Spence, The Question of Hu

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Basic Political Writings (Hackett)

 

These texts are all available in the Whitman College Bookstore.  In addition, a binder containing other readings will be placed on reserve in Penrose Library.

 

Course requirements

 

1. Class attendance and participation.  You are expected to attend all class meetings and to participate vigorously, insightfully, and respectfully in class discussions.   While attendance and participation represent 20% of the course grade, persistent non-attendance is grounds for failing the course.  If you feel uncomfortable speaking in class, please come chat with me about how we can create an encouraging environment in which you can share your ideas with your colleagues.

 

2.  A midterm examination (15% of course grade) and a final examination (25%).

 

3.  Two short (4-5 pages) papers, formatted according to the conventions found in the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, written in response to prompts provided by the instructor.  Each paper will count for 20% of your course grade.

 

FIRST PAPER ASSIGNMENT

SECOND PAPER ASSIGNMENT

Examples of footnote format

Cotts' guidelines for style and usage

Schedule of classes and readings

 

January

 

18 Introduction to the course

 

20 Periodization and the problem of the Renaissance

 

Reading: William Bouwsma, “The Renaissance and the Drama of Western History,” American Historical Review 94 (1979): 1-15, available online through www.jstor.org

Brady et. al., introduction to Handbook of European History, 1400-1600, xiii-xxii (reserve packet)

 

Click here for reading questions

 

21 Material culture and the “long term”

 

            Reading:

Fernand Braudel, selections from The Structures of Everyday Life (reserve packet)

 

25 The crises of the fourteenth century

 

            Reading:

                           Hunt, 467-503

                           The papal bull Unam sanctam online at

                           http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/b8-unam.html

                           Sources on the Black Death online at:

                           http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1348-jewsblackdeath.html

                           http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/boccacio2.html

 

27 The rise of “humanism” in Italy

 

            Reading: Hunt, 505-21

   Petrus Paulus Vergerius: “The New Education” at

   http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vergerius.html

                           Petrarch, The Ascent of Mt. Ventoux (reserve packet)

                           Lorenzo Valla, “On the Glory of the Latin Language” (reserve packet)

Two letters of Laura Cereta (reserve packet)

                   

28 Was there a Renaissance “philosophy of man”?

 

            Reading: Pico della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignity of Man (reserve packet)

                           Marsilio Ficino, “The Soul of Man” (reserve packet)

                          

February

 

1          A revolution in aesthetics?

           

            Reading: Leonardo da Vinci, selections from his notebooks (reserve packet)

                           Michelangelo Buonarroti, selected poems (reserve packet)

                           Giorgio Vasari, selections from Lives of the Artists (reserve packet)

 

3 Politics and the state in Italy

 

            Reading: Hunt, 521-525

                           Machiavelli, The Prince, xv-xxix; 3-44

 

4 Machiavelli: the state as a work of art

 

            Reading: The Prince, 44-85

 

8 The northern Renaissance

 

            Reading: Hunt, 525-31; 547-52

                           More, Utopia, 3-30

                          

10 Politics and the state in Northern Europe

 

            Reading: More, Utopia, 31-57

                               

11 The humanist as statesman

 

            Reading: More, Utopia, 57-85

 

15 The economy of Renaissance Europe

 

            Reading: Hunt, 531-44

                           Bartolome de las Casas, A Short History of the Destruction of the Indies, xiii- xli

 

17 Exploration and conquest

 

            Reading: de las Casas, 3-79

 

18 The destruction of the Indies

 

            Reading: de las Casas, 80-130

 

22 Religious life on the eve of the Reformation

 

            Reading: Canon 1 of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 (handout)

                            The Papal Bull Unam sanctam of 1302 (handout)

 

24 Martin Luther’s revolt

           

            Reading: Martin Luther, On the Freedom of a Christian Man

                           Hunt, 552-56

 

25 Humanism, the Reformation, and free will

 

            Reading: Martin Luther, “On the Bondage of the Will” (reserve packet)

                            Erasmus, “On Free Will” (reserve packet)

 

***Monday, February 28: First Paper Due at 4:00 pm

March 1 Calvin and the expansion of the Reformation

 

            Reading: Hunt, 556-74

                           Calvin, “On Free Will and Predestination” (reserve packet)

                           Ecclesiastical Ordinances for Geneva (handout)

                           The Schleitheim Confession (handout)

 

3 The reformation and politics: the case of England

 

            Reading: Letter on the suppression of Glastonbury abbey at:

                           http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/h8-glastonbury.html

                           The Act of Supremacy at:

                            http://www.northpark.edu/history/Classes/Sources/ActSupremacy.html 

                           The Thirty-Nine Articles at:

                    http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/adw03/peel/religion/39articles.htm

 

4.  The Catholic Reformation

 

            Reading: Hunt, 574-79

  Excerpts from  St. Ignatius at:    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/loyola-spirex.html

 

 

***Tuesday, March 8: Midterm Examination

 

10 Gender trouble at the time of the Reformation

 

            Reading: Natalie Davis, “Women on Top” (reserve packet)

 

11 Print culture in the sixteenth century

 

            Reading: Natalie Davis, “Printing and the People” (reserve packet)

 

29 Witchcraft and Gender

 

            Reading: Hunt, 615-617

                           Selections from the Malleus Maleficiarum (reserve packet)

                           Witch pamphlets from Strasbourg and Scotland (reserve packet)

                            The witchcraft trial of Suzanne Gaudry (reserve packet)

                            Carlo Ginzburg, Night Battles, introductions, prefaces, and 1-32

 

31 High and low culture in the sixteenth century

 

            Readings: Ginzburg, 33-97

 

April 1 Night Battles

 

            Readings: Ginzburg, 99-145

 

5 no class

 

7 The age of religious wars

 

            Reading: Hunt, 582-591

                           Natalie Davis, “The Rites of Violence,” Past and Present 59 (1973), available online at www.jstor.org

 

8 Thirty years’ war and the “general crisis” of the seventeenth century

 

            Reading: Hunt, 591-619

 

12 The origins of the Scientific Revolution

 

            Reading: Galileo, “Letter to the Grand Duchess of Tuscany,” online at:

                            http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/galileo-tuscany.html

 

14  The growth of absolutism

 

            Reading: Hunt, 622-36

                           Selections from the Memoirs of the Duc de Saint-Simon (handout)

 

15 Conflict in England its political theory

 

            Reading: Thomas Hobbes, selections from Leviathan (handout)

                            John Locke, selections from the Second Treatise on Government

                            (handout)

 

19 Social history of the Old Regime

 

            Reading: selected documents on demography and everyday life (handout)

 

21 The Atlantic System and the World Economy

 

            Reading: Hunt, 665-76

                            Jonathan Spence, The Question of Hu, 3-87

 

22 Europe through other eyes?

 

            Reading: The Question of Hu, 88-134

 

26 The European state system

 

            Reading: Hunt, 676-704

 

28        The Enlightenment

 

            Reading: Hunt 708-729

                           Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Basic Political Writings, 33-60

 

29 Rousseau and the social contract

 

            Reading: Rousseau, 60-81; 141-153; 155-65; 192-94; 200-204

 

May 3 The end of the Old Regime in France

 

            Reading: Hunt, 729-757

                            Siéyès, “What is the Third Estate?” (handout)

                            Selected cahiers

 

5 The French Revolution’s “liberal phase”

 

            Reading: Hunt, 757-770

                            Documents on the storming of the Bastille (handout)

                            “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” (handout)

                           Olympe de Gouges, “The Rights of Woman”

                       

6 The Terror and the European reaction to the Revolution

 

            Reading: Hunt, 770-785

                           Maxmilien Robespierre, “On the Principles of Political Morality” (handout)

                            Report of the dedication of a Temple of Reason (handout)

                           Napoleon Bonaparte proclaims the “Revolution is ended” (handout)

 

10 Summary and Review