History 349B:  East Asian Popular Religion

Whitman College Spring 2003

M W 2:30 – 3:50      Maxey 202

Dr. Brian Dott

OFFICE: 225 Maxey

Office Hours: MTTh 1-2 ; MT 4-5

PHONE: 527-5776

also available by appointment

E-MAIL: dottbr@whitman.edu

Web: http://people.whitman.edu/~dottbr

 

 

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION:   

            In this seminar we will examine various East Asian popular religious practices in their religious, economic and historical contexts.  We will begin with some theoretical works and introductory lectures on pilgrimage, sacred space, ritual and various East Asian philosophical and religious traditions, including Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Shinto.  For the majority of the course we will be examining both primary and secondary materials about specific East Asian pilgrimages, sacred sites, rituals and myths, progressing from ancient to contemporary periods.  Readings will include the accounts of a Chinese Buddhist monk’s journey to India, Mulian’s journey to the underworld to save his mother’s soul, excerpts from the Chinese folk novel Monkey or Journey to the West, a monograph on women and ritual in Korea, Confessions of Lady Nijō (an account of a 13th-14th c. Japanese court lady who takes to the road in disgrace as a penitent), a work about Japanese shamans, and one boy’s Cultural Revolution pilgrimage to Beijing to see Chairman Mao.  We will be comparing and contrasting popular practices both across time and across East Asian space.  In addition to examining the religious motivations behind these practices we will also study economic and social impacts as well as the ways in which different governments have attempted to alter or manipulate pilgrimages for their own interests.  This course will primarily be discussion based, but will be supplemented with documentary films and occasional lectures.

 

 

BOOKS:         available for purchase at the bookstore

Waley, Arthur, translator.  Monkey: Folk Novel of China.

Blacker, Carmen.  The Catalpa Bow:  A Study of Shamanistic Practices in Japan.

Kendall, Laurel.  Shamans, Housewives and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean Ritual...

 

Reserve Readings:  Many of the readings for this course are available on reserve in the library.  I tried to make them more accessible through a coursepack, but costs were prohibitively expensive (over $200) . . . 

 

 

 

Criteria for evaluation

Short Writing Assignment:  5%

This assignment builds upon the theoretical readings from the beginning of the semester.  You will apply one or more ideas from the theoretical articles by Eliade, Turner, Morinis and Preston to a specific aspect of Xuanzang’s journey.  It should be 2-3 typed pages.  Due on 2/19.

 

Short papers: 30%

            Two papers based on the readings, typewritten and double-spaced.  Your essays must articulate a thesis or argument (i.e., take a position on an issue or point), and not be merely descriptive.  Papers must have a title and properly cite all sources.  Sample citations will be linked to the course web-page.  The papers should be 4-6 pages long and are both worth 15%.  Late papers will be marked down.  If the paper is turned in anytime within 24 hours of when it was due it will be marked down one grade level (e.g. from B+ to B).  After that the grade will be lowered one level for each additional day which the paper is late.

            The first paper is an analytical comparison of the historic Xuanzang’s journey with the folk-novel Monkey.  It is due on 3/12. 

            The second paper is an analytical comparison of shamanism in Japan and Korea through the books by Blacker and Kendall.  It is due on 5/7.

            I will provide more details about each paper as we are reading the pertinent books.

 

Individual presentations on additional readings: 15%

            Each student will sign up to give 2 presentations on articles not assigned to the class.  These will be scholarly articles pertinent to the topic we are discussing that day.  The presentations will be limited to 8 minutes.  In that time you should give an overview of the subject of the article, describe the author’s main points, discuss the strength of the evidence and sources, and assess the validity of the conclusions.  You might make comparisons with previous readings, including whether or not the author refers to any major theories.  In addition, the presenter will help to lead that day’s discussion (this is after the 8 minute presentation).  Come up with questions which tie your reading to the class readings for that day.  As you are preparing your presentation, think about how the article relates to the other readings.  What information do you need to give the other students in your presentation so that they can discuss your questions.  I will pass around a sign-up sheet with a list of possible readings.   The first presentation is worth 5%, the second is 10%.

 

Research paper, including proposal, bibliography & outline: 35%

            The research paper will be on a topic of your choosing related to East Asian popular religion.  Again you need an argument or thesis, title and you must give citations and a bibliography.  The paper should be 18-20 pages long.  It will be due Wednesday 5/21 at Noon.  As a means to help structure research and writing, as well as to allow students to discuss their research with one another, there will be several small assignments related to the research paper due at various points during the semester: 

            Topic proposal:                        1 paragraph describing your topic         due 4/2

            Preliminary bibliography:           minimum 5 relevant sources                   due 4/16

                                                            (allows time for inter-library loan)

            Thesis, Outline & annotated bibliography                                   due 5/5

These preliminary assignments together are worth 5% of the course grade, the paper itself is worth 30%.   I encourage you to come and talk with me about this paper at any stage in the research and writing process.

 

Participation: 15%

This course will be primarily conducted as a discussion-based seminar.  Students must complete all assigned readings by class time and must be prepared to discuss those readings.  Energetic, frequent, and thoughtful participation in discussion is a vital element of this course and constitutes a significant portion of your grade.  In emergencies (sickness, accident, family or personal crises), please notify me promptly.  Except on days when writing assignments are due, each student will be responsible for preparing 2-3 discussions questions on each of the assigned readings for that day, to both structure and stimulate discussion.  This will also get everyone to reflect about the readings prior to coming to class.  The questions should help create conversations about the readings and connections with previous readings and discussions.  If a question can be answered in a phrase or just one sentence then re-work it so that it can lead to a conversation.  Also think about possible, divergent answers, and perhaps include a follow-up question for each of them to draw out the differences in the responses.

 

SCHEDULE

Wed 1/22:        Introductions

 

Theoretical Readings

Mon 1/27:        Reading:           Eliade, Mircea. selections from The Sacred and the Profane

                                               

Wed 1/29:        Reading:           Turner, Victor.  “The Center Out There: Pilgrims’ Goal.”  History of Religions 12.3 (1973): 191-230. 

                                                            Я = library reserve

 

** Sunday 2/2: "Sacrifice to the Mountain Spirits" (See Ggv), will be performed at 2:00pm in the grotto (Narnia) just SE of Maxey Hall.  The Sacrifice is a traditional ritual to balance humankind's relationship to nature.  Everyone is strongly encouraged, but not required to attend.

 

Mon 2/3:          Readings:          Morinis, Alan.  “Introduction: The Territory of the Anthropology of the Pilgrimage,”

                                                            in Morinis, ed. Sacred Journeys

                                                Preston, James.  “Spiritual Magnetism: An Organizing Principle for

                                                            the Study of Pilgrimage,” in Morinis, ed. Sacred Journeys

 

Introduction to East Asian Religious Traditions

Wed 2/5:          Readings:          The Basic Teachings of Buddhism

                                                Wolf, Arthur.  “Gods, Ghosts & Ancestors,” in Wolf, ed., Religion

                                                            and Ritual in Chinese Society.    Я    

 

Mon 2/10:        Readings          McMullin, Neil.  “Historic & Historiographic Issues in the Study of                                                                                                                                Premodern Japanese Religions”     Я

                                                Introduction to Shamanism:  Blacker.  Catalpa Bow.  pp. 19-33

 

Xuanzang: A Chinese Monk’s Journey to India in search of Buddhist Sūtras

Wed 2/12:        Readings:          Si-Yu-Ki.  Buddhist Records of the Western World. Pgs 119-147.  Я

                                                Hwui Li.  The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang.  Pgs 1-23; 73-75; 97-113  Я

 

Mon 2/17:        No Class          Presidents’ Day

Wed 2/19:        Reading:           Wriggins, Sally.  Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. 

                                                            pgs. xi-xx; 3-18 93-111 Я

                        Short Writing Assignment Due

 

Chinese Popular Religion

Mon 2/24:        Reading:           Naquin & .  “Introduction: Pilgrimage in China,” in Naquin

                                                                        & , Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China.    Я

                                                Sangren, Steven.  “Female Gender in Chinese Religious Symbols”

 

            Popular Fictional Account of Xuanzang’s Journey to India              

Wed 2/26:        Readings:          Excerpts from Anthony Yu’s “Introduction”

                                                On-line:  Hanuman in Ramayana

                                                Monkey: Folk Novel of China.  Chapts. 1-3; 8-12

 

Mon 3/3:          Readings:  Monkey.  Chapts. 13-20     

 

Wed 3/5:          Reading:  Monkey.  Chapts. 21;  25-30

 

            Mulian’s Journey to the Underworld to Save his Mother

Mon 3/10:           Reading:  “Transformation Text” [Mulian story]   Я

                                                also in Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature

                                                            and the Shorter Columbia Anthology …

                                                            under title “Transformation Text on Mahamaudgalyayana…”

                                                            both should be in the stacks

            Pilgrimages in Honor of Guanyin

Wed 3/12:        Reading:           .  P’u-t’o Shan: Pilgrimage and the Creation of the Chinese                                                      

                                                  Potalaka,” in Naquin & , Pilgrims & Sacred Sites in China. Я

                                                            book is also on reserve

                        Paper due comparing the historic Xuanzang and the novel Monkey

 

SPRING BREAK

 

Introduction to Japanese Popular Religion

Mon 3/31:        Reading:           Kitagawa, Joseph.  “Three Types of Pilgrimage in Japan.”

                                                Grapard.  “Flying Mountains and Walkers of Emptiness: Towards a

                                                            Definition of Sacred Space in Japanese Religion.”   Я

                                                                        library also has journal in compact shelving:

                                                                                    History of Religions 21.3 (1982)

 

Medieval Japanese Pilgrimages

Wed 4/2:          Readings:          The Confessions of Lady Nijō:  Intro. & Book 4

                                                Research Paper Topic Due

 

Mon 4/7:          Reading:           The Confessions of Lady Nijō:  Book 5

                                               

Japan:  Shikoku & Ise Pilgrimages

Wed 4/9:          Reading:           Selections from Statler, Oliver. Japanese Pilgrimage.  Я

                                                            both a photocopy of the selected chapts. and the whole book

                                                            are on reserve.  If you are use the book read Chapts. 1-4

 

Japanese Shamanism

Mon 4/14:        Readings:  Blacker, Carmen.  The Catalpa Bow:  Chapts. 1-5                         

Wed 4/16:        Reading:  Blacker, Carmen.  The Catalpa Bow:  Chapts. 6-8

                        Research Paper Preliminary Bibliography Due

Mon 4/21:        Reading:  Blacker, Carmen.  The Catalpa Bow:  Chapts. 9-12

Wed 4/23:        Reading:  Blacker, Carmen.  The Catalpa Bow:  Chapts. 13-16

 

Korean Shamanism

Mon 4/28:        Reading:  Kendall.  Shamans, Housewives & Other Restless Spirits:  Pref., ch. 1-3

Wed 4/30:        Reading:  Kendall.  Shamans, Housewives & Other Restless Spirits:  Chapts. 4-5

Mon 5/5:          Reading:  Kendall.  Shamans, Housewives & Other Restless Spirits:  Chapts. 6-8

                        Research Paper Thesis & Outline Due

 

Japan: Mount Hiei & Mount Fuji

Wed 5/7:          Readings:          Selections from Stevens. The Marathon Monks of Mount Hiei.    Я

                                                Earhart, H. Byron.  Mount Fuji and Shugendo.”  Я

                       library also has the actual journal: Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 16.2-3 (1989).

 

A Communist Pilgrimage in China

Mon 5/12:        Reading: Selections from Liang Heng & Judith Shapiro. Son of the Revolution.

  Paper due comparing Blacker & Kendall

RESEARCH PAPER DUE BY NOON ON WEDNESDAY MAY 21

 

CLASS POLICIES

 

Attendance:  Students are expected to regularly attend class, to arrive on time, and to respect the professor and their fellow students.  Repeated absences, tardiness and disruptions will result in a drop in the participation portion of the grade.  If you know you will late or absent on a particular day please inform me beforehand.

 

Late work:  Late papers will be marked down a third of a grade for each day late.  I will consider accommodations for special circumstances if informed beforehand, but I am unlikely to do so after-the-fact unless it is a verified, legitimate emergency.

 

Academic dishonesty:  This course operates in accordance with the College’s policies on “Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism” (see 2002-03 Whitman College Student Handbook pages 40-42).  All work you turn in is expected to be your own, created specifically for this class.  Material taken from other sources must be clearly acknowledged.  Plagiarism or other forms of cheating are very serious offenses that will result in failure of this course and can lead to academic suspension or dismissal by the college.  This also applies to a person who knowingly aids another in attempting to gain credit for work not mostly of his or her own intellectual effort. All cases will be referred to the Office of the Dean of Students.

 

Disabilities: Any student who has a learning or other disability should notify me as soon as possible before taking any exams or turning in assignments.  I will make every effort to accommodate verified disabilities so that you may do your best work in this course.  Please contact the Director of Academic Resources to validate a request for accommodation (205 Memorial; 527-5213).

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