- ETC produces a lot of ATP and regenerates FAD and NAD+
- 4 enzyme complexes are connected by 2 mobile electron carriers
- ATP is produced at complexes I, III, and IV
- The energy harnessed from electron flow is used to pump protons against the concentration gradient
- ATP synthase and electron transport are coupled by a proton gradient
- Protons are pumped out of the matrix and into the inner membrane space
- The inner membrane space has a net positive charge, and the matrix has a relative negative charge
- The free energy change at complex II is not great enough to pump protons across the membrane, and form ATP
- ATP translocase allows ATP to leave the mitochondria and ADP to enter
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