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A Few Basic Comma Rules

In actual practice, writers fudge a lot with these rules. But if you want to play it safe, try these out and be reasonably consistent and you'll stay out of trouble.



1. Rule: when you tack stuff on the end of a complete sentence, normally do so without commas. (See #5 and #6 for exceptions.)

John ate slugs with a spoon. [no comma between "slugs" and "with"]

John ate slugs when they were in season. [no comma between "slugs" and "when"]

John ate slugs because he couldn't get Fritos. [no comma between "slugs" and "because"]

2. Rule: when you tack stuff on the front of complete sentences, do so with commas.

When he was hungry, John ate slugs.

After dinner, John ate slugs.

In front of the television, John ate slugs.

3. Rule: when you combine two complete sentences with and, but, or--use commas.

John ate slugs, and Joan ate cardboard.

John ate slugs and felt fine. [The phrase "felt fine" isn't a complete sentence.]

Joan ate cardboard and thought she was eating slugs. [The phrase"thought she was eating slugs" isn't a couplete sentence.]

4. Rule: use commas when you tack things on the end of a sentence when the thing you tack on restates something in the main sentence.

John ate slugs, slimy little ones with blond feelers.


5. Rule: use commas when you tack -ing phrases on the end of sentences (especially more than one).

John ate the slugs quickly, singing between swallows, breathing whenever he could.



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